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  1. Rural Windfall or a New Resource Curse? Coca, Income, and Civil Conflict in Colombia: National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series (March 2005), 11219.Author contact info: Joshua Angrist Department of Economics MIT, E52-353 50 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02142-1347 Tel: 617/253-8909 Fax: 617/253-1330 E-Mail: angrist@mit.ed u Adriana D. Kugler University of Houston Department of Economics 204 McElhinney Hall Houston, TX 77204-5019 Tel: 713/743-3832 Fax: 713/743-3798 E-Mail: adkugler@uh.ed u Natural and agricultural resources for which there is a substantial black market, such as coca, opium, and diamonds, appear especially likely to be exploited by the parties to a civil conflict. On the other hand, these resources may also provide one of the few reliable sources of income in the countryside. In this paper, we study the economic and social consequences of a major shift in the production of coca paste from Peru and Bolivia to Colombia, where most coca leaf is now harvested. This shift, which arose in response to the disruption of the "air bridge" that previously ferried coca paste into Colombia, provided an exogenous boost in the demand for Colombian coca leaf. Our analysis shows this shift generated economic gains in rural areas, primarily in the form of increased self-employmen t earnings and increased labor supply by teenage boys. There is little evidence of widespread economic spillovers, however. The results also suggest that the rural areas which saw accelerated coca production subsequently became much more violent. Taken together, these findings support the view that the Colombian civil conflict is fueled by the financial opportunities that coca provides. This is in line with a recent literature which attributes the extension of civil conflicts to economic rewards and an environment that favors insurgency more than to the persistence of economic or political grievances.

    Source: National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series (March 2005), 11219.

  2. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience: (08 February 2001)Geography On the 25th anniversary of its publication, a new edition of this foundational work on human geography. In the twenty years since its original publication, Space and Place has not only established the discipline of human geography, but it has proven influential in such diverse fields as theatre, literature, anthropology, psychology, and theology. Eminent geographer Yi-Fu Tuan considers the ways in which people feel and think about space, how they form attachments to home, neighborhood, and nation, and how feelings about space and place are affected by the sense of time. He suggests that place is security and space is freedom: we are attached to the one and long for the other. Whether he is considering sacred versus "biased" space, mythical space and place, time in experiential space, or cultural attachments to space, Tuan's analysis is thoughtful and insightful throughout. Until retiring in 1998, Yi-Fu Tuan was a professor of geography at the University of Wisconsin-Madi son. He is ranked among the country's most distinguished cultural geographers and has earned numerous honors, among them a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Bracken Award for landscape architecture, and an award for meritorious contribution to geography from the Association of American Geographers. He was recently named the Lauréat d'Honneur 2000 of the International Geographers Union. He is the author of many essays and books, including Escapism (1998) and Cosmos and Hearth (Minnesota, 1999).

    Source: (08 February 2001)

  3. Geography and genography: Prediction of continental origin using randomly selected single nucleotide polymorphisms: BMC Genomics, Vol. 8 (10 March 2007), 68.

    Source: BMC Genomics, Vol. 8 (10 March 2007), 68.

  4. Neo-Liberalism as Creative Destruction: Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 88, No. 2. (June 2006), pp. 145-158.

    Source: Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 88, No. 2. (June 2006), pp. 145-158.

  5. Children in the Driver's Seat: Children's Geographies, Vol. 4, No. 3. (December 2006), pp. 347-357.

    Source: Children's Geographies, Vol. 4, No. 3. (December 2006), pp. 347-357.

If you would like to find additional social bookmark based links on the topic of Geography we recommend the Open Tag Directory > Geography. If you would like to find related tags we recommend Tag Patterns > Geography.



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